Adjuvant rice optimization of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix and its anti-osteoporosis effect / 中国中药杂志

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of various adjuvant rice on the quality of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix(RSRR) with Japonica rice, millet, yellow rice, black rice, and glutinous rice as raw materials, and analyze the anti-osteoporosis effect of RSRR by the optimal adjuvant rice. On the basis of the established UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of the content of catalpol and rehmannioside D, comprehensive weighted scoring method was employed to evaluate the effect of various auxiliary rice on the quality of RSRR with the content of catalpol and rehmannioside D, character score, and taste score as indicators to optimize adjuvant rice. The osteoporosis model was induced by ovariectomy in rats. SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, a positive control group, and low-dose and high-dose groups of Rehmanniae Radix, RSRR, steamed Rehmanniae Radix, and Epimedii Folium-RSRR. After treatment for 12 weeks, body weight, bone calcium content, and bone mineral density were mea-sured. The results showed that Japonica rice was selected as the optimal adjuvant due to the highest comprehensive score of RSRR steamed by Japonica rice. Rehmanniae Radix, RSRR, steamed Rehmanniae Radix, as well as Epimedii Folium-RSRR, could improve osteoporosis by increasing bone calcium content and bone mineral density. RSRR was superior to Rehmanniae Radix in improving osteo-porosis. However, there was no significant difference between RSRR and steamed Rehmanniae Radix. This study confirmed that Japo-nica rice was the optimal adjuvant rice of RSRR and verified the anti-osteoporosis effect of RSRR, which laid a foundation for further research on the pharmacological action and mechanism of RSRR.

Causes of False-Positive Results in 68Ga-Labeled Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor PET/CT Imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the causes of false-positive results in the 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI-04) PET/CT imaging. Methods The imaging data of 547 patients undergoing 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively collected.Two experienced nuclear medicine diagnostic physicians analyzed the clinical data,relevant imaging examinations,laboratory examinations,pathological results and follow-up results of the patients with false-positive results. Results The 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging of 547 patients showed false-positive results in 99 (18.1%) patients,including 56 males and 43 females.The postoperative pathological examination confirmed false-positive results in 13 patients,including 1 patient of thyroiditis,2 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis,1 patient of bone tuberculosis,2 patients of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor,1 patient of pulmonary sarcoidosis,1 patient of pulmonary benign fibroma,1 patient of organic pneumonia,2 patients of renal angiomyolipoma,1 patient of mass pancreatitis,and 1 patient of pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma.The medical history,relevant imaging examination,and long-term follow-up confirmed false-positive results in 86 patients.Specifically,the false-positive uptake in the neck,chest,abdomen,bone joint,and skin occurred in 8 (9.3%),13 (15.1%),5 (5.8%),57 (66.3%),and 3 (3.5%) patients,respectively.Inflammation-related uptake appeared in 83 (83.8%) patients with false-positive imaging results,of which arthritis (23 patients) and osteophyte (29 patients) were the most common.Sixteen (16.2%) patients showed the false-positive uptake related to fibroblasts. Conclusion 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging will show non-malignant tumor false-positive results,which are mainly associated with inflammation and fibroblasts.

Isobavachalcone induces cell death through multiple pathways in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of isobavachalcone (IBC) on cell death of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and explore the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of IBC, and the changes in cell proliferation were assessed using MTT assay. Apoptosis of MCF-7 cells following treatment with 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L IBC was analyzed using flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and fluorescence microscopy, and the expressions of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Akt, p-Akt, p62, and LC3) were detected with Western blotting. Electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in submicrostructure of the cells following treatment with 40 μmol/L IBC. JC-1 assay kit, ATP assay kit, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit were used to determine the effect of IBC on mitochondrial function of the cells.@*RESULTS@#MTT assay showed that IBC significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 38.46, 31.31, and 28.26 μmol/L at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. IBC also concentration-dependently induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. IBC-induced cell death was inhibited by z-VAD-fmk, a caspase inhibitor (P < 0.05), but not by the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1). Western blotting showed that IBC-induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis by increasing Bax expression and down-regulating the expressions of Bcl-2, Akt and p-Akt-473 (all P < 0.05). With the increase of IBC concentration, the expression of autophagy-related protein p62 and the LC3-II/I ratio increased progressively. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of autophagic bodies in IBC-treated MCF-7 cells. IBC treatment also resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP level and increased ROS accumulation in MCF-7 cells (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#IBC is capable of inducing both apoptosis and autophagy in MCF-7 cells, suggesting the potential value of IBC as a lead compound in the development of anti-breast cancer agents.

Sesquiterpenoids and iridoids from Valeriana jatamansi with anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza virus properties / 药学学报

Three sesquiterpenoids and nine iridoids were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties, NMR and MS data. Among them, valeriananoid G (1) was a new patchoulol-type sesquiterpenoid, and compound 3 was isolated from the genus Valeriana for the first time. Compounds 3 and 10 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values of 19.00 and 3.66 μmol·L-1, respectively. In addition, compounds 4, 6 and 12 showed anti-influenza virus activity with IC50 values of 51.75, 51.40 and 102.08 μmol·L-1, respectively.

Comparison of Effect of Chijian and Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Regulating Immune Function and Intestinal Microflora / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To compare the contents of adenosine， gastrodin， <italic>p</italic>-hydroxybenzyl alcohol， <italic>p</italic>-hydroxybenzaldehyde， parisinin B and parisinin A in Chijian （the aerial part of <italic>Gastrodia elata</italic>） and Gastrodiae Rhizoma， and compare their effects on immune function and intestinal microflora， evaluating whether it is necessary to study and develop Chijian. Method:The contents of these six constituents were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography （UPLC）， the mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-4 min， 0.5%B； 4-5 min， 0.5%-2%B； 5-10 min， 2%-15%B； 10-12 min， 15%-20%B； 12-15 min， 20%-95%B； 15-17 min， 95%B； 17-17.5 min， 95%-0.5%B； 17.5-20 min， 0.5%B）， the flow rate was 0.5 mL·min^-1， the detection wavelength was 270 nm. The difference of pharmacological activity of water extracts of Chijian and Gastrodiae Rhizoma was compared， the clearance index， corrected clearance index and peripheral blood were measured in mice model with low immune function induced by cyclophosphamide， B lymphocyte proliferation was determined by lymphocyte transformation test <italic>in vitro</italic>， intestinal microflora was analyzed by 16S rDNA technology and bioinformatics was conducted. Result:The total contents of these six components in powder and ethanol extract of Chijian were higher than that of Gastrodiae Rhizoma， but the total contents of these six components in their water extract were similar， and the total contents of gastrodin and <italic>p</italic>-hydroxybenzyl alcohol met the requirements of the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic>. Compared with the blank group， the clearance index of immunocompromised mice was significantly increased in the middle-dose （10 g·kg^-1） group of Chijian water extract， middle- and low-dose （10， 5 g·kg^-1） groups of Gastrodiae Rhizoma water extract （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the levels of erythrocyte and hematocrit in peripheral blood were significantly increased in the high-dose （20 g·kg^-1） groups of water extracts of Chijian and Gastrodiae Rhizoma （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， water extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma with concentration of 400 g·L^-1 and the water extract of Chijian with the concentration of 100 g·L^-1 could promote the proliferation of B lymphocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide. Studies on intestinal microflora showed that compared with the blank group， at the phylum level， the water extracts of Chijian and Gastrodiae Rhizoma increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes， at the genus level， they increased the relative abundance of <italic>Prevotellaceae</italic>_UCG-001 and <italic>Ruminococcaceae</italic>_UCG-005， and decreased the relative abundance of <italic>Anaerotruncus</italic>， unclassified_<italic>f</italic>_<italic>Erysipelotrichaceae</italic> and<italic> Candidatus</italic>_<italic>Stoquefichus</italic>.<italic> </italic>These intestinal bacteria were related to the immune system， cell proliferation， and metabolism regulation. Conclusion:The total contents of 6 components in the powder， the ethanol and the water extracts of Chijian are higher than or close to those of the corresponding samples of Gastrodiae Rhizoma， the pharmacological activity of Chijian water extract is similar to that of Gastrodiae Rhizoma water extract， indicating that Chijian is worthy of further research and development.

Interaction study of the antibacterial peptide urumin with the H1N1 HA protein of influenza A virus / 药学学报

Influenza A virus (H1N1) seriously affects the health of human and disrupts the development of global economic. The antimicrobial peptide urumin specifically binds to the conserved stem of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of H1N1 virus, but its binding site and the mechanism of action are not clear. In this study, we investigated the possible binding sites and key amino acids for the interaction of urumin with HA protein by molecular docking and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments, suggesting that HA residues His32 (HA1), Asp19 (HA2), and Trp21 (HA2) are the key residues for the interaction of HA with urumin. Urumin's Arg4, Asn9, and Cys16 were associated with HA protein residues Asp19 (HA2), Trp21 (HA2), His32 (HA1), and Asn53 (HA2) form hydrogen bonding interactions, and Trp12 forms an aromatic π-stacking interaction with His32 (HA1) of HA, these interactions maintain the binding of urumin to HA protein. Wild-type HA and its alanine mutant [alanine substitutions His32 (HA1), Asp19 (HA2), and Trp21 (HA2)] were expressed in 293T cells. ELISA experiments showed that the affinity ability of urumin with HA wild-type was significantly higher than that of HA alanine mutant, suggesting that His32 (HA1), Asp19 (HA2), and Trp21 (HA2) may be the key residues for HA to interact with urumin. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for further modification and application of urumin.

Construction of model for multidimensional evaluation of value and risk of Chinese patent medicine / 中国中药杂志

It is the core of the development for Chinese patent medicine enterprises to cultivate large varieties of Chinese patent medicine, and the selection of potential "seed" products is the prerequisite for the cultivation strategy. By constructing the evaluation model from multiple dimensions of value and risk, we can conduct specialized evaluation of Chinese patent medicines to effectively, professionally and objectively select the "seed" products with large variety cultivation potential. In this paper, the establishment of a multidimensional evaluation system would be discussed from the aspects of drug naming and prescription composition, safety risk and supply guarantee of raw materials and medicinal materials, competition situation, access to policy catalogue, scientific and technological support, clinical evidence and recognition, systematical and standardized collection of information on product instructions, quality standards, policy catalogue, scientific and technological literature, market competition and clinical application of Chinese patent medicines. Through the objective evaluation index and the range of objective index, the multi-dimensional evaluation model on values and risks of Chinese patent medicine products was discussed. Based on this model, a batch of Chinese patent medicine products can be quickly and comprehensively analyzed, and quantitative comparison can be formed among different types and fields of products. According to the evaluation results of the model and the comprehensive evaluation of experts, high-quality "seed" products can be selec-ted, laying a solid foundation for the next step of large variety cultivation. With use of this model, we can further clarify the external competitive advantages and internal priority levels of each product, and provide support for enterprises to optimize product structure and improve product strategic layout.

Definition of lost acupuncture technique: based on / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#By defining the inclusion criteria of the lost acupuncture technique and sorting out the content of lost acupuncture technique (possibly lost acupuncture technique), this article aimed to provide ideas and methods of the inheritance of acupuncture technique.@*METHODS@#The whole entries of @*RESULTS@#A total of 364 items of acupuncture technique were retrieved, including 17 items of lost acupuncture technique and 12 items of possibly lost acupuncture technique.@*CONCLUSION@#The lost acupuncture technique is defined as the acupuncture technique recorded in ancient classics but can not be retrieved in modern literature of clinical application or expert's experience. The change of government or alternation of dynasty, the evolution of acupuncture-moxibustion theories and education are the related causes of lost acupuncture technique.

Association between PM2.5 pollution in ambient air and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in Suzhou in 2016：a time series analysis / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the effect of PM2.5 on the mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular disease in Suzhou, China. Methods The death data, air pollutant data and meteorological data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017 in Suzhou were collected. The general additive Poisson regression model was used to analyse the association of exposure to PM2.5 with the daily deaths due to cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5. Results The number of deaths from cardio-cerebrovascular disease was 30 200. On average, there were approximately 41 deaths per day. The daily median concentration of PM2.5 was 37.13 μg/m3 and IQR was 30.75 μg/m3. The RR values of single-day death and average death from cardio-cerebrovascular disease were 1.017(1.001-1.034) and 1.055(1.019-1.093)with an IQR increase of PM2.5 concentration, respectively. Stratified by gender and age, female and the elderly aged over 65 had higher risks of death from the cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Conclusion The elevated level of ambient PM2.5was positively associated with the increase of mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular disease.

Effect of fresh Gastrodia elata on gut microbiota in mice / 中国中药杂志

Gastrodia elata B1.,a traditional Chinese medicine,was frequently applied as a cure for headache or migraine. Its effects include suppressing hyperactive liver,calming endogenous wind,dredging collateralsand relieving spasm. There has been a proportion that G. elata should be added to The List of Substances That Are Traditionally Both Food and Chinese Medicinal Materials. The dry G. elata was commonly used in clinic,which have some fundamental study on efficacy and mechanism. However,fresh G. elata,which was added to herbal cuisine very often,lacks corresponding research. The interaction of diet,microbiota and human is a hot issue and lots of scholars are focusing on it. This research sequenced the 16 S rRNA of mouse cecal contents on Mi Seq platform to understand the effect of taking fresh G. elata. As the results showing,multiple probiotics grew after taking fresh G. elata extract,including Ruminiclostridium,Butyricicoccus,and Parvibacter. To contrast,some pathogens or potential pathogens,such as Escherichia/Shigella,Parasutterella,decreased. This manifests that fresh G. elata performs a positive regulation on mouse gut microbiota,especially the low-dose fresh G. elata extraction could restructure the microbiota apparently. Our result reveals that microbiota might be a new target for G. elata extract and provides an important basis for further research on the interaction between gut microbiota and pharmacological activity of G. elata.

Combined Effects of A Body Shape Index and Serum C-reactive Protein on Ischemic Stroke Incidence among Mongolians in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#We aimed to evaluate the combined effects of a high body shape index (ABSI) and a high serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level on the incidence of ischemic stroke in a Mongolian population in China.@*METHODS@#A prospective cohort study was conducted among 2,589 participants from June 2002 to July 2012 in Inner Mongolia, China. The participants were categorized into 4 groups according to their level of ABSI and CRP. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischemic stroke among all groups.@*RESULTS@#The multivariate adjusted HRs (95% CI) of ischemic stroke for high ABSI and high CRP level were 1.46 (0.89-2.39) and 1.63 (0.95-2.79), respectively. Compared with the low ABSI/low CRP level group, the multivariate adjusted HRs (95% CI) of ischemic stroke in the low ABSI/high CRP, high ABSI/low CRP, and high ABSI/high CRP groups were 1.04 (0.46-2.35), 1.06 (0.58-1.95) and 2.52 (1.27-5.00), respectively. The HR of ischemic stroke for the high ABSI/high CRP level group was the highest and most statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#We found that participants with simultaneously high ABSI and high CRP levels had the highest risk of ischemic stroke in the Mongolian population. Our findings suggest that the combination of high ABSI and high CRP levels may increase the risk of ischemic stroke.

Validation of the China-PAR Equations for Cardio-cerebrovascular Risk Prediction in the Inner Mongolian Population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the China-PAR equations in predicting the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Inner Mongolians population. A population-based, prospective cohort of 2,589 Mongolians were followed up from 2003 to 2012. Participants were categorized into 4 subgroups according to their 10-year CVD risks calculated using the China-PAR equations: < 5%, 5%-9.9%, 10%-19.9%, and ⪖ 20%. The China-PAR equations discriminated well with good C statistics (range, 0.76-0.86). The adjusted hazard ratios for CVD showed an increasing trend among the 4 subgroups (P for trend < 0.01). However, the China-PAR equations underestimated the 10-year CVD risk in Mongolians, and the calibration was unsatisfactory (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 = 19.98, P < 0.01 for men, χ2 = 46.58, P < 0.001 for women). The performance of the China-PAR equations warrants further validation in other ethnic groups in China.

Pharmacodynamic evaluation and molecular mechanism research of Huanshao capsule on irregular menstruation / 中国中药杂志

Huanshao capsule is widely used in irregular menstruation and has achieved a good effect. Huanshao capsule can promote gonad development in mice, significantly improve the ovarian index in mice, increase estrogen level and reduce FSH level in rats, inhibit the pain response induced by oxytocin and estrogen, inhibit writhing reaction induced by acetic acid pain in mice. Due to the complexity of traditional Chinese medical formula, the pharmacological mechanism of the treatment on the irregular menstruation of the Huanshao capsule is unclear. In this study, the internet-based computation platform (www.tcmip.cn）was used to explore the molecular mechanism of Huanshao capsule on the menstrual. The aim of this study was to find the molecular mechanism of Huanshao capsule in treating menstrual. In the study of the molecular mechanism of Huanshao capsule in the treatment of menstrual by using the internet-based computation platform, Huanshao capsule maybe treat the menstrual by the pathway of endocrine system, GnRH signal transduction pathway, estrogen signal transduction pathway, oxytocin signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, FCεRI signaling pathway and purine metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. The early pharmacological study confirmed Huanshao capsule could increase the serum estradiol level and decrease follicle stimulating hormone level and the traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology coincide with the prediction result of internet-based computation platform which roles as the pathway of GnRH signaling pathway and estrogen signal transduction pathway. Other pathway needs further experimental verification.

Effect of short-term global health training on tropical diseases and its relat-ed factors / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of short-term global health training on tropical diseases in China,so as to provide the reference in professional trainings.Methods The study took the short-term global health training project on tropical diseases in China as an example.The structured questionnaires were distributed to each trainee pre-and post-training course. Results A total of 89 trainees were included in the survey,and 68.5%(61 cases)of the trainees were older than 35 years and 85.4%(76 cases)of the trainees came from provincial institutes.The passing rate for the test of global health knowledge was sig-nificantly improved from the pre-training test(18.0%,16/89)to the post one(68.2%,58/85)(χ2=44.930,P<0.05).The knowledge of global health was closely related to the professionals'capacity,i.e.,the education level,age,professional title, and experience of international cooperation,but was not statistically related to their genders. Conclusion This kind of short-term trainings not only greatly improves the professionals'knowledge of tropical diseases control,but also is expected to play a leading role in the international cooperation of global health and tropical diseases control in the future.

Development and role of Regional Network for Asian Schistosomiasis and Other Helminth Zoonoses / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

The Regional Network for Asian Schistosomiasis and Other Helminth Zoonoses(RNAS+)plays an important role in promoting the research and control of helminthes in Asia.The development course of RNAS+is summarized in this article and the information of RNAS+annual meeting is collected.The questionnaire survey and expert interview are used to evaluate the role of RNAS+in promoting the prevention and control of helminthes in various Asian countries.The experience of RNAS+operation and its future development are summarized.

Clinical observation of FURS combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle treatment of low pole renal calculi / 中国内镜杂志

Objective?To observe the clinical effect of FURS combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle treatment of low pole renal calculi.?Methods?From January 2016 to January 2017, 63 patients with low pole renal calculi were enrolled in this study. 16 patients with multiple stones and 47 cases with single stones were treated by FURS combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle. We retrospectively analyzed all the patients clinical data, including the operation time, bleeding volume, stone clearance rate, the incidence of postoperative complications, then assess the safety and effectiveness of the surgical approach.?Results?The operation time was 30 ~ 60 min, the average time was 45 min, postoperative complications in 3 cases, 2 cases of pain; no blood transfusion; 2 cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Postoperative hospital stay wad 2 ~ 3 d, an average of 2 d, postoperative residual stone in 3 cases, 2 weeks after the treatment of external lithotripsy, 1 case of stone clearance rate of 100.0%.?Conclusion?Retrograde FURS combined with ultrasound guided visual puncture for renal calculi is safe, effective and feasible.

Effects of intracoronary tirofiban injection during PCI in advanced aged patients with ST elevation my-ocardial infarction / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To study effects of intracoronary tirofiban injection during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in advanced aged patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods :A total of 116 ad-vanced aged STEMI patients undergoing PCI in our hospital were selected .According to random number table ,they were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group (received routine PCI ) and tirofiban group (re-ceived routine PCI combined tirofiban ).Serum N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level on 12h , 24h ,72h and 7d after PCI ,TIMI blood flow grade and incidence rate of hemorrhage on 7d after PCI ,left ventricu-lar end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) ,left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and one year after PCI ,incidence rate of adverse cardiac events on one year after PCI were observed and compared between two groups .Results :Serum NT-proBNP level of tirofiban group on 12h , 24h ,72h and 7d after PCI was significantly lower than that of routine treatment group , P＝0.001 all.On 7d after PCI ,percentage of TIMI grade 3 in tirofiban group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group (93.11% vs .62.07%,P＝0.001).Compared with routine treatment group on one year after PCI ,there was signif-icant rise in LVEF [ (41.95 ± 4.18)% vs .(47.18 ± 4.83)% ] ,and significant reductions in LVESVI [ (43.03 ± 4.21) ml/m2vs.(39.42 ± 3.87) ml/m2] ,LVEDVI [ (62.05 ± 6.17) ml/m2vs.(58.46 ± 5.91) ml/m2] and inci-dence rate of adverse cardiac events (37.93% vs.18.97%) in tirofiban group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. There were no significant difference in incidence rate of hemorrhage between two groups , P＞ 0. 05 .Conclusion : Intracoronary tirofiban injection during PCI in advanced aged STEMI patients can significantly improve myocardial blood flow , cardiac function and reducing incidence rates of adverse cardiac events ,which is worth extending in clinic .

Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into neuron-like cells induced by combination of mouse nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: We have found that mouse nerve growth factor has the ability to induce differentiation of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) into neurons in vitro. In order to further explore the method of improving the induction efficiency of nerve cells, we attempt to combine a variety of cell growth factors for cell induction. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of mouse nerve growth factor combined with brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the differentiation of UCB-MSCs into neuron-like cells in vitro . METHODS: After the donated primary UCB-MSCs were resuscitated and cultured, the passage 5 UCB-MSCs were divided into five groups. The first four groups served as pre-induced groups, and fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor were added to pre-induce cells for 24 hours, and mouse nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, alone or in combination, were used thereafter to induce UCB-MSCs, while in control group, only the same amount of cell medium was added. The last group was non-pre-induced group, in which the cells were cultured in the cell culture medium for 24 hours, and then mouse nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were both added to induce UCB-MSCs. The morphological changes of cells were observed under inverted microscope. The expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was detected by immunocytochemistry technique. Real-time qPCR was used to detect the relative expression of NSE and GFAP at mRNA level. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The cell morphology of UCB-MSCs was in long shuttle shape and spindle shape with unequal size. After induction, the cell bodies gradually retracted and became rounded, and the projections extended to one-side or multi-sides, presenting with the neuron-like changes. (2) Immunocytochemistry and real-time qPCR results showed that NSE and GFAP were positive in each experimental group, and the positive rate and mRNA expression of NSE and GFAP in the combined induction group were higher than those in the other groups. (3) Either mouse nerve growth factor or brain-derived neurotrophic factor could induce UCB-MSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells. Moreover, there was a cumulative effect between the two cytokines, and their combined use could effectively improve the efficiency of induction.

Effects of sustalned hypoxia on proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and preparation of feeder layers / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: In traditional culture systems for embryonic stem cells, feeder cell preparation and embryonic stem cell culture are mostly performed under normoxic conditions. Changes in oxygen culture conditions are likely to influence feeder cells, thereby altering the growth characteristics or differentiation ability of embryonic stem cells, but there is still no relevant systematic report until now. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of sustained hypoxia culture on the pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers. METHODS: Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts were persistently subcultured under normoxia (20% O2) and hypoxia (5% O2) conditions. Cell proliferation was measured for drawing growth curve. Reactive oxygen species level and mitochondria membrane potential of the feeder cells were detected respectively. Mouse embryonic stem cells were divided into two groups: normoxia group (plated on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers under 20% O2), and hypoxia group (plated on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers under 5% O2). The cell morphology was observed and the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells were detected by measurement of Oct4 and Sox2 expressions. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α mRNA expression was also tested in the four groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As compared to the normoxia group, mouse embryonic fibroblasts in the hypoxia group proliferated faster, reactive oxygen species significantly declined, and the mitochondria membrane potential level increased significantly (P < 0.05). Embryonic stem cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase, and highly expressed Oct4 and Sox2 mRNA. Much more median- or small-sized colonies formed in the hypoxia group than the normoxia group (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α in embryonic stem cells had a significant difference between the hypoxia and normoxia groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that a sustained hypoxia environment can significantly promote the viability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts as feeder layers and maintain the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells under 5% O2.